Background Women with pre-eclampsia are at increased risk of later-life cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite suggestions ...

Background Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC), characterised by non-ischaemic scar/fatty replacement or isolated systolic dysfunction without dilatation, lacks validated risk ...

### Learning objectives Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding, occurring in up to 25% of people.1 ,2 An association between PFO and stroke has consistently been seen in up to 50% of patients ...

Cardiovascular complications are increasingly recognised as a major driver of morbidity and early mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), yet they remain underdiagnosed and ...

Background To account for differences in body size in patients with aortic stenosis, aortic valve area (AVA) is divided by body surface area (BSA) to calculate indexed AVA (AVAindex). Cut-off values ...

Objective To assess low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response in patients after initiation of statins, and future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Prospective cohort study of ...

Objective Pulmonary congestion is the main cause of hospital admission in patients with heart failure (HF). Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a useful tool to identify subclinical pulmonary congestion. We ...

Objectives Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is commonly observed as a benign finding. However, the literature suggests that it may be associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We performed a ...

Since Dillon and colleagues1 in 1973 described valvar vegetations by M mode echocardiography, the technique has assumed an increasingly important role in the assessment and management of endocarditis.

Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA. The role of occupational exposures to chemicals in the development of CVD has rarely been studied even ...

Atrial septal aneurysm is an uncommon condition. Between 1981 and 1984 10 cases of atrial septal aneurysm were diagnosed by real time cross sectional echocardiography performed in 4840 patients. The ...

Introduction The effects of music on humans have been well documented for thousands of years. There are several individual reactions to music that are dependent on individual preferences, mood or ...