Background Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC), characterised by non-ischaemic scar/fatty replacement or isolated systolic dysfunction without dilatation, lacks validated risk ...

### Learning objectives Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding, occurring in up to 25% of people.1 ,2 An association between PFO and stroke has consistently been seen in up to 50% of patients ...

Background To account for differences in body size in patients with aortic stenosis, aortic valve area (AVA) is divided by body surface area (BSA) to calculate indexed AVA (AVAindex). Cut-off values ...

Objective Pulmonary congestion is the main cause of hospital admission in patients with heart failure (HF). Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a useful tool to identify subclinical pulmonary congestion. We ...

Background Patients with systemic ventricles of right ventricular morphology are at high risk of contractile dysfunction, the cause of which has not been fully elucidated. Objective To assess whether ...

Background Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of in-hospital mortality in Sri Lanka. Acute Coronary Syndrome Sri Lanka Audit Project (ACSSLAP) is the first national clinical-audit project ...

Objectives Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is commonly observed as a benign finding. However, the literature suggests that it may be associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We performed a ...

Since Dillon and colleagues1 in 1973 described valvar vegetations by M mode echocardiography, the technique has assumed an increasingly important role in the assessment and management of endocarditis.

The recent guidelines from the American Society of Echocardiography and European Society of Echocardiography have defined an abnormal ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle, as one that is ...

Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA. The role of occupational exposures to chemicals in the development of CVD has rarely been studied even ...

Introduction Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) scans have become readily accessible in healthcare to diagnose Pulmonary Embolism (PE). In real-world settings, there is variability in ...

Athlete's heart is the term given to the complex of structural, functional, and electrical remodelling that accompanies regular athletic training. It is an important physiological adaption which helps ...