This article deals with the study of the particle swarm optimization algorithm and its variants. After modeling the global system, a comparative study is carried out about the algorithms described in ...

An international research team has developed a new control strategy for microgrid-connected PV systems that uses integral backstepping control (IBC) – an evolution of the backstepping control (BC) ...

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most common industrial technology for closed-loop control. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller can be used to control temperature, ...

The ABCs of PID control. Considerations for interfacing elements in the electrical circuit to accomplish those parts of the PID function for position control. Firmware code implementation.

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.