Demagnetization curves, magnetization hysteresis curves on the second quadrant, provide useful information on the characteristic properties of hard-magnetic materials 1,2,3. The magnetic energy ...

Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization has traditionally been understood as a process in which photon absorption excites nonequilibrium electrons, leading to demagnetization followed by magnetization ...

The future development of functional magnetic devices based on ultrafast optical manipulation of spins requires an understanding of the depth-dependent spin dynamics across the interfaces of complex ...

Intense laser pulses can be used to manipulate or even switch the magnetization orientation of a material on extremely short time scales. Typically, such effects are thermally induced, as the absorbed ...

The origins of magnetic steel can be traced back to the 18 th century when scientists began experimenting with iron alloys. In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted's accidental discovery of electromagnetism ...